A medially luxating patella (MLP) is a common orthopaedic condition in dogs where the kneecap (patella) shifts out of its normal position toward the inner (medial) side of the knee. While it may begin as a mild issue, this condition can worsen over time, causing discomfort, cartilage damage, and progressive lameness.

• Congenital. Example of genetic issues include having a shallow or absent trochlear groove; medial displacement of the quadriceps muscle group; and tibial tuberosity displacement. These abnormalities are often seen in toy and small breeds (e.g., Pomeranians, Chihuahuas, Poodles, Yorkshire Terriers), but larger breeds can also be affected
• Direct injury to the knee (e.g. fall, collision, rough play) can cause dislocation or worsen a mild pre-existing condition

• Intermittent skipping or hopping on one leg, often followed by returning to a normal gait. This “skip” occurs when the kneecap dislocates and the dog instinctively realigns it. As the condition progresses, pets may show persistent limping due to pain caused by the cartilage wearing down and bone-on-bone contact.

• Physical Examination & Orthopaedic Examination - to evaluate the kneecap’s stability, movement, and alignment, we might detect
  • Crepitus (a crackling sensation from cartilage loss)
  • Swelling and pain on manipulation
  • Changes in gait and posture
• Digital Radiographs (X-Ray). This modality of imaging is often used to assess the severity and rule out other joint issues.

• Medical Management
  • Weight Management
  • Joint-supportive supplements (e.g. glucosamine/chondroitin)
  • Controlled exercise and avoidance of high-impact activity
  • Anti-inflammatory medications when needed
• Surgical Management 
  • Tibial Crest Transposition: Repositioning the attachment of the patellar tendon and securing it with a pin to realign the kneecap.
  • Trochleoplasty: Deepening the femoral groove to better hold the kneecap in place.
  • Soft Tissue Reconstruction: Tightening or releasing surrounding tissues for added joint stability.
  • Optional Muscle Adjustment: In some cases, we release overactive medial thigh muscles contributing to dislocation